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Did you know ...

• the Battle of Bapheus in 1302 was the first major Ottoman victory, and led to their gradual conquest of Byzantine-controlled Bithynia?
• the Xhosa Wars veteran Stephen Bartlett Lakeman (pictured) became an Ottoman pasha and, late in his life, helped create the Romanian National Liberal Party?
• the British failure to break through Ottoman lines in the Battle of Wadi during WWI, led to Charles Townshend's disastrous surrender following the Siege of Kut?
• the capture of Tunis by the Ottoman Empire from the Spanish Empire in 1574 decided that North Africa would be under Muslim rather than Christian rule?
• the Chiflik system of land management under the Ottoman Empire was one of the reasons the Greek peasants supported the Greek War of Independence?
• the Crusade of Varna required simultaneous attacks on the Muslim Ottoman Empire by Christian Hungary and the Muslim Karamanids, which did not occur?
• the Church of the Acheiropoietos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Thessaloniki, was the first Christian church to be converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of the Greek city in 1430?
• the Sultan Bayezid II Mosque is the oldest surviving Ottoman imperial mosque complex in Istanbul, Turkey?
• the Senyavin Islands of Micronesia were named after Dmitry Senyavin, who destroyed the Ottoman Fleet in the Battle of Athos in 1807?
• the Cossack Hetman and the later Muscovite voyevoda Petro Doroshenko signed a treaty with Sultan Mehmed IV recognizing the Cossack Hetmanate as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire?
• ten days before the ratification of the Peace of Szeged, Vladislaus, King of Hungary, swore an oath which invalidated it and all future treaties with the Ottoman Empire?
• the assassination of Ottoman sultan Osman II came about in part due to the military reforms made following his defeat at the Battle of Khotyn in 1621?
• the Ottoman battleship Abdul Kadir was canceled and scrapped because its keel blocks had moved?
• the Russian victory at Molodi in 1572 put a stop to the northward expansion of the Ottoman Empire into present-day Russia?
• the Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul disaster, which occurred in 1890 off Kushimoto, led to strengthening foreign relations between Turkey and Japan?
• the Declaration to the Seven was the first British pronouncement to the Arab states of the former Ottoman Empire advancing the principle of national self-determination?
• the Girays of Crimea were regarded as the second family of the Ottoman Empire after the House of Ottoman?
• the delayed conclusion of the Russo-Ottoman Treaty of Constantinople (1700) caused Russian forces to arrive late in the war with Sweden?
• the Italian Tocco family became the rulers of several Ionian Islands and formed the last dynasty of the Despotate of Epirus in Greece, before they were conquered by the Ottomans?
• the first three Ministers of the Privy Treasury of the Ottoman Empire were Armenian, the first being Hagop Kazazian Pasha?
• the leader of the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Parkany (painting pictured) was later executed for failing to defend their Hungarian lands?
• when Mazra'a was one of the Viftlik estates of the Galilee governor Daher al-Omar, it was exempt from paying taxes to the Ottoman Empire?
• the remains of a cannon ball can still be seen in the wall of Moni Gonia Monastery from an Ottoman attack during the Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869?
• the British battlecruisers HMS Indomitable and HMS Indefatigable bombarded Turkish fortifications on the Dardanelles two days before the British declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire?
• the Valens Aqueduct was the major water-providing system of medieval Constantinople and Ottoman Istanbul?
• the Mecelle, the Ottoman civil code of 1877, was the first attempt to codify part of the laws of an Islamic state?
• the Galatasaray S.K. has origins from the Ottoman Empire era?
• the Ottoman Bank, established as a private bank in 1856, became a central bank in 1863 and issued banknotes in the Ottoman Empire and then Turkey until 1931?
• the Persian embassy to Europe in 1599–1602 aimed at establishing a Christian–Persian alliance against the Ottoman Empire?
• the Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (pictured) in Sofia, Bulgaria is a reorganized Ottoman mosque, built on the site of an Early Christian temple?
• the Russian frigate General Admiral evacuated Cretan insurgents and their families in 1868 during the Cretan Revolt against the Ottoman Empire?
• right after the Byzantine capital of Constantinople fell to the Ottomans, the rulers of the Byzantine Despotate of Morea called upon the Ottomans to suppress their own peasant revolt?
• poet and author Kostas Krystallis escaped to Greece after being denounced by the Ottoman authorities for writing a patriotic collection of poetry?
• Rafiq al-Tamimi (pictured) helped establish al-Fatat, an anti-Ottoman Arab nationalist movement, despite working for the country's government?
• Nexhip Draga, a former Ottoman kaymakam, played an important role in the Albanian uprising of 1912?
• Khotyn Fortress (pictured), site of the Battle of Khotyn between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1621, is one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine?
• SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm (pictured), a German-built pre-dreadnought battleship, was sold to the Ottoman Empire, renamed Heireddin Barbarossa, and sunk by a British submarine during World War I?
• Sabil Abu Nabbut (pictured) was a public fountain built by Ottoman governor Muhammad Abu Nabbut in 1812 to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem?
• Sir Robert Ainslie, 1st Baronet, British ambassador to the Ottoman Porte, commissioned his own friend Luigi Mayer to draw pictures of places in the Ottoman Empire for his collection?
• SantralIstanbul, a modern art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, is located in what was the first power station of the Ottoman Empire?
• Khan al-Harir, built by Darwish Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Damascus, was the first great caravanserai to be built inside the old city walls of Damascus?
• Joseph Cornelius O’Rourke, an Irish Count born in Estonia, became a Russian Lieutenant General, and was honoured with a statue in Belgrade for his victory over the Ottoman Empire in 1810?
• Italian Vice Consul Vito Positano saved the future Bulgarian capital Sofia from burning by the Ottoman army?
• fairy tale collector Nicolae Constantin Batzaria was an Aromanian representative among the Young Turks, an Ottoman government minister, and one of Romania's best-known creators of comic strips?
• Poland–Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire signed a "perpetual" peace in 1533?
• As'ad Pasha al-Azm, governor of Damascus under the Ottoman Empire for 14 years, ordered the construction of the Azm Palace and Khan As'ad Pasha?
• Jean de La Forêt was the first French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in 1534, and that he negotiated in 1536 a Franco-Ottoman treaty of alliance?
• Dolmabahçe Palace was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1853 to 1923?
• Wojciech Bobowski was one of the most important musicians of the Ottoman Empire, and the author of the Bible translation into the Ottoman Turkish language?
• a Habsburg-Persian alliance was initiated by Charles V in the 16th century, in order to open a second front in his fight against the Ottoman Empire?
• in the massacre of the Albanian beys, around 500 southern Albanian leaders (beys) and their forces were treacherously killed by Ottoman forces when they were invited to a ceremonial salute parade?
• in the capture of Algiers (1529), Barbarossa (pictured) delivered the city of Algiers (modern Algeria) from Spanish control and installed it under Ottoman rule for three centuries?
• in the Ottoman expedition to Aceh starting in 1565, the Ottoman Empire provided military support to Aceh (modern Indonesia) against the Portuguese?
• in the Siege of Tripoli (1551) the Ottoman Empire captured the city of Tripoli in modern-day Libya from the Knights of Malta?
• much of the Mahmoudiya Mosque in Jaffa was built during the Ottoman era using construction materials acquired from Roman columns?
• local boyars protested against the Russian annexation of Bessarabia after the Russo-Turkish War in 1812, arguing that the Ottoman Empire had no right to cede a Moldavian territory?
• in the 1537 Siege of Corfu, the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent was joined by a French fleet under Baron de Saint-Blancard?
• in addition to his distinguished military career against the Ottoman Turks, Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha (pictured), was also an accomplished poet, harpsichordist, and composer?
• after the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottomans demolished the Column of Justinian to symbolize their capture of the city?
• after being deposed by his brother Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman sultan Murad V was detained in the Malta Pavilion?
• during the Italian War of 1542–1546, the population of Toulon, France was expelled to make room for an Ottoman naval base?
• during the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1570–1573, the 8,500-strong Venetian garrison of Famagusta in Cyprus held out for eleven months against an Ottoman army of 200,000 men?
• in 1876, British historian Edwin Pears, as correspondent of The Daily News, sent letters home describing Ottoman atrocities in Bulgaria during the April Uprising which aroused demonstrations in England led by William Gladstone?
• for organizing a revolt on an Ottoman slave galley and freeing Christian slaves, Hetman Ivan Sulyma received a medal from Pope Paul V?
• Bulgarian Dobri Zhelyazkov founded the first textile factory in the Ottoman Empire?