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Question 1: Research suggests that the relationship between gut flora and humans is not merely commensal (a non-harmful coexistence), but rather is a mutually beneficial ________ relationship.
Biological interactionMutualism (biology)SymbiosisParasitism

Question 2: This tolerance, mediated in part by the gastrointestinal immune system and in part by the liver, can reduce an overreactive immune response like those found in ________ and auto-immune disease.
AllergyAnaphylaxisHypersensitivityGraft-versus-host disease

Question 3: [2] Somewhere between 300[2] and 1000 different ________ live in the gut,[3] with most estimates at about 500.
LifeSpeciesBiological classificationEvolution

Question 4: Changing the numbers and species of gut flora can reduce the body's ability to ferment carbohydrates and metabolize ________ acids and may cause diarrhea.
SecretinBileDigestionHuman gastrointestinal tract

Question 5: ________ make up most of the flora in the colon[7] and 60% of the dry mass of feces.
BacteriaCorynebacteriumGram-positive bacteriaGram-negative bacteria

Question 6: Within a few days, bacterial numbers reach 108 to 1010 per gram of ________.
Human fecesFecesCoprophagiaToilet

Question 7: [9] Acetic acid is used by muscle, propionic acid helps the liver produce ATP, and butyric acid provides energy to gut cells and may prevent ________.
CancerCarcinogenesisMetastasisChemotherapy

Question 8: In addition, the SCFAs they produce help the body absorb nutrients such as ________, magnesium, and iron.
SodiumCalciumPotassiumAluminium

Question 9: Recent findings have shown that gut bacteria play a role in the expression of ________ (TLRs) in the intestines, molecules that help the host repair damage due to injury.
Toll-like receptorFc receptorImmune systemTLR 2

Question 10: [5] It is estimated that these gut flora have around 100 times as many ________ in aggregate as there are in the human genome.
GeneticsEvolutionDNAGene
















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