Question 3: Their separate status dates back to the 12th century when the ________ split them off from the mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons.
Question 4: The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern Civil law and ________ bear the influences of canon law.
Question 5: Under the aegis of the Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law was completed under ________, who promulgated the Code, effective in 1918.
Question 6: Pope ________ is credited with promulgating the first official collection of canons called the Decretalia Gregorii Noni or Liber Extra (1234).
Question 7: Over time, these canons were supplemented with ________ of the Bishops of Rome, which were responses to doubts or problems according to the maxim, "Roma locuta est, causa finita est" ("Rome has spoken, case is closed").
Question 8: Some ecclesiastical officials are required to have the doctorate (________) or at least the licentiate (JCL) in canon law in order to fulfill their functions: Judicial Vicars (c.
Question 9: This was followed by the Liber Sextus (1298) of ________, the Clementines (1317) of Clement V, the Extravagantes Joannis XXII and the Extravagantes Communes, all of which followed the same structure as the Liber Extra.