Question 3: In the late 11th century, al-Zarqali (Latinized as Arzachel) discovered that the orbits of the ________ are elliptic orbits and not circular orbits,[54] though he still followed the Ptolemaic model.
Question 7: With the fall of Islamic Spain in 1492, the scientific and technological initiative of the Islamic world was inherited by Europeans and laid the foundations for Europe's ________ and Scientific Revolution.